import java.io.*;

class MyReader
{

 public static int readInt() throws IOException
 {
  int ch;
  int n=0;
  do {
      ch=System.in.read();
     }
  while(ch==' '||ch=='\n');
  while(ch!=' ')
     {
      switch(ch)
         {
          case '0' : n=n*10; break;
          case '1' : n=1+n*10; break;
          case '2' : n=2+n*10; break;
          case '3' : n=3+n*10; break;
          case '4' : n=4+n*10; break;
          case '5' : n=5+n*10; break;
          case '6' : n=6+n*10; break;
          case '7' : n=7+n*10; break;
          case '8' : n=8+n*10; break;
          case '9' : n=9+n*10; break;
          default: ch=' ';break;
         }
      if(ch!=' ') ch=System.in.read();
     }
  return n;
 }

}